Tuesday, 14 October 2014

These Once Again Are My Political And Economical Ideas For Revolutionary Change In Nigeria. These Ideas, Without A Shadow Of A Doubt, Can Work In Both Global South And North Countries. I Therefore Urge You Viewers To Peruse, Sift, Vet, And Dissect My Dossier With Zero Subjectivity.







A Unitary Dossier for a Unified Nigeria.
Proposed Ideas for Political and Economical Change


By
Bankole Christopher Smart-cole (BSc)







Developed: 30 September 2014/ Researched Online: October 2013
© CC Publishers 2014





Note: Examples illustrated in this dossier have been provided solely for the purpose of clarification on how my ideas can work in Nigeria. They should not be mistaken as a comparison between Nigeria’s history with other’s.



  

© CC Publishers 2014


PREFACE

“Short, Nasty & Brutish” – Thomas Hobbes.[1]
If one was to dabble with the wordings from the aforementioned quote, one would have the right to strongly imply that “long, nasty & brutish” is a more gruesome depiction of the quality of life found in Nigeria. One would have the right to say that because of the mis-management of the country from a federal system of government, a vast majority of people still find themselves lacking the necessary means to maintain subsistence.
It is for this reason that this dossier therefore proposes that we turn things around by immediately switching from a Federal Presidential Republic,[2] to a Unitary, Directorial, Direct Democratic, Republic State.[3]  


TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE

PART A: Political Initiatives
1.0  A Unitary State                                                                                               1 - 2
1.1  A Directorial State                                                                                          2 - 3    
1.2  Direct Democracy                                                                                           3 - 4    

PART B: Economical Initiatives
2.0  A Planned + A Mixed Economy = An Effective Welfare State                          4 - 5
      

 CONCLUSION
3.0 The Constitution & Nomocracy                                                                           5


© CC Publishers 2014


1.0  A Unitary State
A unitary system of government is a system whereby the central government devolves power to its subordinate units.[4] It is a system that ensures that no units’ ideology differs with the policies of the main government. And in the case of Nigeria, is a system which could be used to create equal economic/ political growth[5] for all federal States.
For instance, in a federation like Nigeria, we have a number of economically booming States which one could attribute to the impressive leadership of a few like-minded governors.[6] Some on the other hand, could attribute the failures of other States to not just the foolishness of other governors, but to unforeseen circumstances (like the emergence of a terrorist insurgency per se).[7]
Nevertheless, a fact would remain that if Nigeria was to be united unitarily, then States which lacked behind in regards to economical/ political success, would have no choice now but to enact policies guided from the central government. Therefore, it wouldn’t matter if some governors were less corrupt than others, because all that would matter is that if all governors were to be corrupt, then they still wouldn’t have a say in any unitary matter; bearing in mind that it is now the central government that initiates unitary policies for the whole country.
Therefore, if Abuja (the central government in a Unitary State) said that as from now on, no household in the country should make use of “house boys/ girls”,[8] because that can be seen as a modern form of slavery, then Lagos (its subordinate unit in that Unitary State), wouldn’t be able to defy that piece of unitary legislation.[9] Plain and simple.

An Example of a Role-Model Unitary State:
Denmark: The Danish unitary system is considered by many[10] to be one of the most effective unitary systems of government in the world today. It consists of measures utilised to ensure that geographical mis-management of allocated resources never occur in the State/ local level.[11] And this is what we need desperately for every State in Nigeria.

1.1 A Directorial State
            A directorial or directory, is a body of persons who have been chosen by the general populace to collectively spearhead the country has both head of State and head of government.[12] It differs tremendously from both a president[13] and prime minister[14] style government, as this system relies heavily on the expertise of a league of equal members.[15]
            A directorial in a country like Nigeria for example can truly be effective, as this can ensure that no form of negligence, complicity, or stupidity, ever occurs when one president decides to forget who elected him or her in the first place.

 An Example of a Role-Model Directory State:
Switzerland: The Swiss directory consists of seven members who literally make-up head of State of the country.[16] They exist collectively to ensure that no one’s cynical ideology supersedes their constitution.[17] And this is what we need once again in the country of Nigeria.

1.2 Direct Democracy (Also called Pure Democracy)
            Is the association of both government and public in the decision making process of a country. It is the one and only true form of democracy in the sense that a country isn’t governed by one false leader, but by the collection of followers (the public) who opted out of choosing that leader in the first place.[18] Direct democracy places the public’s well-being above others, and is also the kind of democratic mechanism needed to check and balance any false representative democracy in Nigeria.[19]
My own direct democracy will be based on the public having 55 per cent democratic power, and government having 45 per cent parental power.[20] This will mean that government will only have the right to overrule the public’s decision when its parental supervision of the whole country is being infringed.
For instance, the majority of people in Nigeria who fall under that 55 per cent public power, can vote for a law which criminalises the female prostitutes in prostitution. But it is a well known fact that it’s really the male clients who oppress women in that so-called industry.[21] Therefore, the onus now at this point in time, would lie on the fatherly/ motherly supervision of government (in its 45 per cent parental power) to overhaul that decision made by the public.
For this reason, the minority of people in Nigeria who fall under that 55 per cent public power, can never be marginalised by the majority; bearing in mind that it’s government’s parental power which acts as a watchdog towards others. This in practice, is how my own direct democracy will take place, and is what’s needed in establishing an equitable society for Nigeria.    

An Example of the one and only Role-Model Direct Democratic State:

Switzerland

2.0  A Planned Economy + A Mixed Economy = An Effective Welfare State
A planned economy in a unitary State (if Nigeria was to be), would simply mean that issues regarding the production/ distribution of economic resources, would be based on the formulation/ implementation by the central government to the central public.[22] For this reason, we would have a regulated economy which would be free from the individual interests of private firms.[23]
Complemented with a mixed economy[24], would mean that the micro/ macro economics is not only overseen by the government, but that corporations alike also still achieve profit motive.[25] Therefore, if we were to enact principles from both a centrally planned mixed economy, would mean that we would realise our own “Nigerian Welfare Model”. A model which encompasses the provisions to support each and every citizen in times of universal healthcare, social benefits, and unemployment aid.
Therefore, for this reason (this welfarism), one shouldn’t be seeing an elderly woman on the promenade hawking tomatoes at 10 at night. And one definitely also shouldn’t be seeing a group of kids wiping car windows at 7 in the morning just to get by. Why? Because the purpose of a welfare State, if established in Nigeria, is to look after the ones who can’t look after themselves.   

An Example of some Role-Model Welfare States:

The Nordic Countries

3.0  The Constitution & Nomocracy

For the political and economical initiatives to work in the country, we must first look at the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. That’s just it! It is literally extraneous, vacuous, and non-existent, and must be torn up and started from scratch. As for nomocracy (the rule of law); it is a legal principle which states that law should govern a State, and not subjective decisions from individual government officials.
Hence, it is for this reason that proposals should be made in establishing a new written constitution, which oversees nomocracy in a legit judiciary, and deals with the actions of complicit leaders. And this is what the country truly needs, un-complicit leaders.


Bibliography provided upon request.
Thank you.

 

 


Developed: 30 September 2014/ Researched Online: October 2013
© CC Publishers 2014


[1] Thomas Hobbes, The Leviathan (USA, JC Political Science: Political Theory, 2013), 3207.
[2] Adonis Hoffman, Nigeria: The Policy Conundrum (Washington, Foreign Policy, 2009), 1.
[3] Theo A.J. Toonen, The Unitary State as a System of Co-Governance: The Case of the Netherlands (Amsterdam, Public Administration, 1990), 282.
[4] Chegg Study, Definition of Unitary System of Government (2014).
[5]  Michael T. Rock, East Asia's Democratic Developmental States and Economic Growth (USA, Journal of East Asian Studies, 2013), 5 - 25.
[6] Idem
[7] Idem
[8] Francesca Steele, The Plight of Modern-Day Slavery (London, Redactive Publishing Ltd, 2008), 4 - 5.
[9] Ram Manikkalingam, A Unitary State, A Federal State or Two Separate States? (Sri Lanka, Social Scientists Association, 2003), 5- 34.
[10] Denmark DK, Government and Politics (The Official Website of Denmark, 2014).
[11] Idem
[12] Martyn Lyons, France under the Directory (1975), 120.
[13] Ilona Maria Szilagyi, Presidential versus parliamentary systems (Budapest, AARMS, 2009) 307 - 314.
[14] Idem
[15] Lyons, Supra n12, pg 121.
[16] Andreas Ladner, Swiss Political System (Switzerland, PolSys, 2011), 2 – 10.
[17] Idem
[18] Uwe Serdult, Direct Democracy in Switzerland and its Discontents (Geneva, Research Centre on Direct Democracy, 2007), 4 -5.
[19] Ibid, pg 11.
[20] Gerald Dworkin, Paternalism, 181 – 185.
[21] 8marts, The Effects of the Swedish Ban on the Purchase of Sexual Services, (Denmark, 8marts.dk, 2012), 5.
[22] Bob Goudzwaard, Centrally Planned Economies (Transformation), 54 - 56.
[23] Idem.
[24] Sanford Ikeda, Dynamics of the Mixed Economy: Toward a Theory of Interventionism (London, Routledge, 2003), 1 - 5.
[25] Idem

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